Cancer - Bladder, Pelvis, Ureter & Others(구연) (E-069) Diabetes Mellitus and Incidence of Bladder and Kidney Cancer: An Exposure-Control Matched Study Urology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Urology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Urology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Urology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital Jae Won Park, Dong Kyun Kim, Sung Eun Bang, Hyunsun Lim Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, is associated with malignancies at many sites. The relationship between DM and bladder or kidney cancer is still controversial. / Objectives: We investigated the associations between DM and bladder or kidney cancer in a population-based exposure-control matched study. / Materials and Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance System sample cohort database, we identified patients who were diagnosed as having DM between January 2006 and December 2010. A control group was also selected from the database using propensity score matching to adjust for age and sex. An exposure-control matched study was conducted until December 2015. The two groups were compared for baseline characteristics and bladder or kidney cancer incidence. Cox’s proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between bladder or kidney cancer and each clinical variable. / Results and Conclusion: In total, 132,570 patients with DM were identified. In addition, 132,570 patients without DM matched by age and sex (control group) were selected. The mean age was 54 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. During the follow-up period, 619 patients in the DM group and 511 in the control group were diagnosed as having bladder cancer. Of those diagnosed as having kidney cancer, 419 patients were in the DM group and 285 were in the control group. Adjusted Cox’s proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that DM is associated with bladder and kidney cancer. DM is associated with bladder and kidney cancer. Older men are at an increased risk for both cancers.